Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment. Between 2001-07, however, poverty levels decreased by 10%, as Islamabad steadily raised development spending. During 2004-07, GDP growth in the 5-8% range was spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors - despite severe electricity shortfalls - but growth slowed in 2008-09 and unemployment rose. Inflation remains the top concern among the public, climbing from 7.7% in 2007 to more than 13% in 2010. In addition, the Pakistani rupee has depreciated since 2007 as a result of political and economic instability. The government agreed to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a balance of payments crisis, but during 2009-10 its current account strengthened and foreign exchange reserves stabilized - largely because of lower oil prices and record remittances from workers abroad. Record floods in July-August 2010 lowered agricultural output and contributed to a jump in inflation, and reconstruction costs will strain the limited resources of the government. Textiles account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, but Pakistan's failure to expand a viable export base for other manufactures has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Other long term challenges include expanding investment in education, healthcare, and electricity production, and reducing dependence on foreign donors.
GDP (purchasing power parity)
$464.9 billion (2010 est.)$443.6 billion (2009 est.)
$429.2 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$174.9 billion (2010 est.)GDP - real growth rate
4.8% (2010 est.)3.4% (2009 est.)
1.6% (2008 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)
$2,500 (2010 est.)$2,400 (2009 est.)
$2,400 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: 21.8%industry: 23.6%
services: 54.6% (2010 est.)
Population below poverty line
24% (FY05/06 est.)Labor force
55.77 millionnote: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2010 est.)
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture: 43%industry: 20.3%
services: 36.6% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate
15.4% (2010 est.)14.4% (2009 est.)
note: substantial underemployment exists
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 3.9%highest 10%: 26.5% (2005)
Distribution of family income - Gini index
30.6 (FY07/08)41 (FY98/99)
Investment (gross fixed)
13.8% of GDP (2010 est.)Budget
revenues: $24.72 billionexpenditures: $35.67 billion (2010 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
14.1% of GDP (2010 est.)Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-6.3% of GDP (2010 est.)Public debt
50.7% of GDP (2010 est.)50.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
13.9% (2010 est.)13.6% (2009 est.)
Central bank discount rate
12.5% (31 December 2009)15% (31 December 2008)
Commercial bank prime lending rate
13.462% (31 December 2010 est.)14.189% (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of narrow money
$3.169 billion (31 December 2010 est.)$2.774 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of money
$NA (31 December 2008)$52.76 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of broad money
$85.22 billion (31 December 2010 est.)$65.13 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of quasi money
$NA (31 December 2008)$18.42 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit
$74.28 billion (31 December 2010 est.)$65.4 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares
$33.24 billion (31 December 2009)$23.49 billion (31 December 2008)
$70.26 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products
cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggsIndustries
textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimpIndustrial production growth rate
4.6% (2010 est.)Electricity - production
90.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)Electricity - production by source
fossil fuel: 68.8%hydro: 28.2%
nuclear: 3%
other: 0% (2001)
Electricity - consumption
72.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)Electricity - exports
0 kWh (2008 est.)Electricity - imports
0 kWh (2008 est.)Oil - production
59,140 bbl/day (2009 est.)Oil - consumption
373,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)Oil - exports
30,090 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil - imports
319,500 bbl/day (2007 est.)Oil - proved reserves
436.2 million bbl (1 January 2010 est.)Natural gas - production
37.5 billion cu m (2008 est.)Natural gas - consumption
37.5 billion cu m (2008 est.)Natural gas - exports
0 cu m (2008 est.)Natural gas - imports
0 cu m (2008 est.)Natural gas - proved reserves
840.2 billion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)Current Account Balance
-$1.585 billion (2010 est.)-$3.993 billion (2009 est.)
Exports
$21.39 billion (2010 est.)$18.35 billion (2009 est.)
Exports - commodities
textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugsExports - partners
US 18.1%, UAE 8.4%, Afghanistan 7.7%, China 5.6%, UK 5.3%, Germany 4% (2009)Imports
$32.21 billion (2010 est.)$28.62 billion (2009 est.)
Imports - commodities
petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, teaImports - partners
China 11.9%, Saudi Arabia 11%, UAE 10.9%, US 5.7%, Kuwait 5.7%, Malaysia 5.1%, Japan 4.1%, Germany 4% (2009)Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$17.21 billion (31 December 2010 est.)$13.77 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Debt - external
$56.13 billion (31 December 2010 est.)$53.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
$30.06 billion (31 December 2010 est.)$28.04 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$1.157 billion (31 December 2010 est.)$1.102 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Exchange rates
Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar -85.27 (2010)
81.71 (2009)
70.64 (2008)
60.6295 (2007)
60.35 (2006)
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